Copyright and Licensing
Authors retain copyright to their articles.
Authors must obtain permission to use and republish before submitting the manuscript when including previously published data (text, figures, tables, etc.). Permission is required if the manuscript contains copyrighted material, unmodified tables, graphs, figures, photographs, 3D models, or other content from external sources. If permission is granted, the appropriate attribution must be given under the relevant object, such as “Reproduced with permission from (author’s full name, source name, publisher, year)”.
Permission is not required if authors substantially modify or improve tables, graphs, or figures or use fragments of their previously published results. Short quotations do not require permission but must be accompanied by appropriate references in the sources used.
The authors certify that their manuscript is original, respects intellectual property rights, and has not been submitted or published in another scientific publication.
Adherence to scientific ethics is essential and authors are encouraged to avoid any form of citation manipulation, referring to the COPE Guidelines on Citation Manipulation for detailed guidance.
Although the editorial board adheres to quality standards, authors play a critical role in upholding ethical standards in their submissions.